For the Reviewer:

If a reviewer cannot judge a manuscript impartially, or has professional, personal, or financial affiliations that may constitute a conflict of interest, they should decline the invitation. If such a conflict is discovered after reviewing, they must withdraw immediately and inform the Editorial Board. If any aspect lies outside their competence, they should notify the editor.

For the Author:

Authors must disclose any financial, professional, or personal conflict of interest that may influence the content of the research. Where none exists, the statement "The author(s) declare that there is no conflict of interest" should be added.

For the Editor:

If an author is a member of the Editorial Board, the evaluation is assigned to another member and the manuscript is held to the same criteria. Reviewing work by close associates or students of the Editor-in-Chief is avoided and assigned to a neutral editor, and any prior disputes between author and editor are avoided.