Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Syndrome: A Cohort Study at Souq Al-khamees Diabetic Center

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications of diabetes, defined by ulceration associated with peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy. These ulcers can lead to infections and are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations. In Libya, where diabetes prevalence is estimated at 16%, there is limited information regarding patient practices and risk factors regarding diabetic foot syndrome. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic foot syndrome among diabetic patients attending the Souq Alkhamees Diabetic Center in Alkhoms City, Libya. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at the Souq Al-khamees Diabetic Center in collaboration with the Libyan Academy for Postgraduate Studies. The study enrolled 60 diabetic patients with a history of diabetic foot syndrome. Data collection involved acquiring demographic information, diabetes history, and specific foot complications. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (58.33%) and aged 40–79 years. Type II diabetes was present in 86.11% of participants, and glycemic control was notably poor, with 63.89% of patients having HbA1c levels above 8.0 mg/dl. Key clinical findings included: Neuropathy: 76.66% of participants exhibited sensory impairment, with 33.33% demonstrating a complete loss of protective sensation. Dermatological Status: 100% of patients presented with thick infected nails and skin dryness, while 47.22% had foot deformities. Ulcer Characteristics: 80% of participants had a current or historical ulcer. Of active ulcers, 64% were superficial, while 36% were deep, involving structures such as tendons or bones. Mobility: 70% of participants had restricted or absent ambulation. Conclusion: The study population presents a highly complex and aggressive form of diabetic foot disease, primarily driven by uncontrolled hyperglycemia and characterized by severe neuropathy and tissue compromise. The high prevalence of deep ulcers and infection necessitates a clinical management strategy focused on surgical intervention and aggressive offloading. Furthermore, strict glycemic control and patient education regarding foot care are essential to preventing further complications and amputation.