ظاهرة التخفيف في اللغة العربية

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Man by nature tends to lightness and is alienated from everything heavy, and lightening illustrates a large part of the genius of the language in observing lightness in its behavior in order to avoid heaviness, which is the closest thing to studying the grammatical vowel; In order to mitigate its profound impact on the language, some grammarians, such as Sibawayh and Ibn Jinni, paid special attention to it, and due to the impact of this phenomenon on the phonetic, morphological and grammatical levels of the language, as a means of facilitating the pronunciation of the language with the least muscular effort, I decided to study some aspects of this The phenomenon through research and called it (the phenomenon of mitigation in the Arabic language), where the nature of the research necessitated that it be in the introduction of five topics and a conclusion included in the findings.

The first topic was entitled: linguistically and idiomatically, the second topic was entitled: Some manifestations of heaviness in the language, and the third topic included the phenomenon of mitigation among the Arabs, and the fourth topic I studied lightness and security of confusion, while the fifth topic I studied the lightness and weight between the verb and the noun and their results. Relying on the descriptive approach by referring to some sources, we mention them (Al-Kitab by Sibawayh, and Al-Khasa’is by Ibn Jinni), and with a hasty look at the meaning of mitigation linguistically and idiomatically, we find that they refer to the tendency to lightness and escaping from heaviness, and some grammarians believe that lightness and heaviness are relative. Sibawayh believes that some words are heavier than others, for verbs are heavier than nouns and the manifestations of heaviness in the language: (the gap between the spaces between the letters and the vowels when pronouncing, the heaviness of the sentence and the large number of its complements, the dissonance from the juxtaposition of some sounds that are very distant in terms of pronunciation) the Arabs knew the phenomenon Reducing when necessary during their use of the language, as Ibn Jinni sees that some binary and monosyllabic words have been opened a lot and broken a little, and the least particle is due to the lightness of the opening and the weight of the clasp, and the phenomenon of mitigation is closely related to a basic rule, which is J: “Security of ambiguity.” There is no justification for a speaker to resort to reducing the weight of something at a time when he does not secure ambiguity, which confirms that the linguistic system is not based on contradiction in speech and sitting, but it is balanced with use and the rule without suspicion, as there is no phenomenon at the expense of Another phenomenon, and scholars of the language have taken into account the study of mitigation, status, use, and rationing, as Al-Suyuti mentioned a rule that embodies this, stating: “Combination is forbidden.” The research was appended with a conclusion that included the results it reached, including:

 1- The phenomenon of mitigation is based on the rejection of articulatory weight because of its impact on the language, sound, word and structure

Reduction is a kind of abbreviation in speech and economy in muscular effort-2