مجلة الأكاديمية للعلوم الأساسية والتطبيقية

Artificial Immune System for Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Networks Optimization

Fathi Gasir — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Fuzzy Neural Networks (FNNs) enhance conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) by incorporating fuzzy membership functions, which enable the handling of uncertainty, ambiguity, and imprecise information. While Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Networks (FBNNs) improve classification performance across noisy datasets, the effectiveness of fuzzification heavily depends on the proper tuning of membership function parameters—typically optimized manually. This paper presents a novel Artificial Immune System framework for optimizing Fuzzy Backpropagation Neural Networks used in the classification of biological image data. The approach integrates a fuzzy min–max fuzzification layer with a feed‑forward backpropagation network and applies an optimization version of an Artificial Immune Network model, derived from opt‑aiNet, to tune trapezoidal membership functions. Experimental results confirm that the proposed immune‑driven optimization is an effective technique for enhancing FBNN robustness and generalization.

Biological studies of Cuminum cyminum plant on antibiotic resistant bacteria

AHMED YOUNIS TAYEB، ANAS YOUNIS TAYEB، AMANY YOUNIS TAYEB — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The study was carried out to assess the quantity of plants, Cuminum cyminum for their microbial effects. The extracts were screened for their biological activities against bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Results showed that inhibition zone and MIC for Cuminum cyminum seed and leaves the inhibition zone and MIC in all extract It was resistant to bacteria. However the antimicrobial activity of leaves and seeds Cuminum cyminum and extracts was higher than that of antibiotic used against the tested microorganisms.

Characterizing Human Body Shadowing at 32.5 GHz Through Cylindrical Diffraction Theory

Ahmed Alabish، Tahanie Hamead ، Manal ghoumah، Mahmoud Abdullah — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The advent of 5G networks has revolutionized wireless communications by unlocking unprecedented data rates through millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequencies. However, the short wavelengths of mmWave signals (e.g., 32.5 GHz) make them highly vulnerable to obstructions, particularly human blockage, posing significant challenges for reliable link prediction and network planning. Existing models often oversimplify human-induced attenuation, limiting their accuracy in real-world scenarios. This work addresses this gap by proposing a cylindrical diffraction model to quantify human blockage effects at 32.5 GHz—the first application of such a model at this frequency. Through controlled experiments, we measured signal degradation as a human subject progressively blocked a 2-meter mmWave link, revealing a sharp decline in received power from −41.2 dBm (no blockage) to −69.7 dBm (full blockage). The cylindrical model demonstrated strong alignment with empirical trends, accurately capturing the nonlinear increase in attenuation as the human approached the line-of-sight path. Notably, the model matched baseline measurements within 1.4 dB and predicted full-blockage loss within 7 dB of observed values, despite inherent simplifications. This study underscores the efficacy of cylindrical modelling for mmWave blockage prediction while highlighting critical refinements needed for practical deployment, such as incorporating material properties and antenna radiation patterns. By bridging theoretical and empirical insights, our work provides a foundational framework for enhancing 5G/6G network resilience in human-dense environments, ensuring robust performance for high-data-rate applications.

Descriptive Cross-Sectional Assessment of Pharmacists' Knowledge and Involvement in Anti-Doping Initiatives in Sports in Albayda, Libya

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) reports that doping cases are continuously rising and the misuse of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) continues to be a significant issue globally. A large percentage of unintentional doping incidents are caused by athletes' ignorance of the substances they use. Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, are crucial in reducing the possibility of accidental doping, even though athletes are ultimately accountable for the substances they take. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on doping and anti-doping in sports. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 200 pharmacists in Albayda, Libya. A standardized 15-item questionnaire was used to collect data in order to evaluate pharmacists' knowledge and opinions regarding doping and anti-doping. Our findings revealed that only 7% of pharmacists were familiar with the term "doping," and a mere 1% had previously attended any formal trainings or lectures on the topic. Nevertheless, a significant majority (89%) concurred that utilizing banned substances in sports is both unethical and unjust. The awareness regarding the potential presence of prohibited substances in over-the-counter (OTC) medications and dietary supplements was limited to 22%. Additionally, merely 1% of the participants recognized the International Pharmaceutical Federation’s (FIP) official position concerning the involvement of pharmacists in anti-doping efforts. On a positive note, 90% of the participants indicated a strong desire to undergo formal training in the area of anti-doping, while 75% favored the development of sports pharmacy as a specialized discipline. These findings highlight a critical need for improved anti-doping education within pharmacy training programs to properly equip future pharmacists for their responsibilities in promoting clean and ethical sports.

Experimental Investigation of Enhancing Earthing Through Soil Treatment Using High Material Conductivity

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study presents an experimental investigation into enhancing grounding system performance through soil treatment using high-conductivity materials, focusing primarily on sodium chloride (NaCl) and bentonite. Test were conducted at a coastal site in Sabratha, Libya—characterized by high soil resistivity—the research evaluates the effectiveness of different NaCl layer thicknesses and parallel electrode configurations in reducing earthing resistance. Field measurements demonstrate that surrounding a vertical electrode with a 3-inch NaCl layer can reduce resistance by up to 73%, while combining multiple electrodes with NaCl treatment achieves reductions as high as 83%. Additionally, a comparative analysis with bentonite revealed that although both materials significantly lower resistance, NaCl proved more effective, achieving an 85.2% reduction versus 80.3% with bentonite. The results underscore the impact of ion-rich additives in improving soil conductivity and grounding efficiency, especially in dry or sandy environments. This paper offers practical guidance for engineers designing reliable and cost-effective grounding systems in challenging soil conditions, while also highlighting the need to consider long-term environmental and performance implications of chemical soil treatments.

The Evaluation of the Impact of IoT and AI: A Comprehensive SWOT Analysis in Economic, Environmental, and Healthcare Fields

Mabruka Ibrahim ، Hend ALmezoghy — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) are being used in almost every aspect of the environment, economics, and society. This research aims to present a concise and thorough overview of the developments and future possibilities in the connection between AI technologies and the IOT, as well as its applications in the domains of healthcare, the environment, and the economy. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of AIoT-driven technologies as enablers or impediments to their applications in various fields have been identified through a series of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analyses that follow a thorough review of the body of existing literature. The research identified a number of benefits of using AI in various domains, such as improved monitoring, higher efficiency in repetitive operations, and improved data processing skills. Nevertheless, shortcomings, including the high upfront installation costs and data security issues, were noted. Among the opportunities was AIoT's ability to save expenses and enhance results. Threats, including opposition to technology advancement and moral conundrums surrounding AIoT decision-making procedures, however, were identified as possible obstacles to effective implementation. The complex terrain of AIoT adoption in each of the aforementioned domains is clarified by this research. The promise of AIoT must be fully realized by carefully considering the dangers and vulnerabilities that have been found and aggressively looking for ways to integrate it seamlessly.

ImageJ (Fiji) as a free, useful tool for medical researchers and students; A review article

Ibrahim Mahmoud Alosta ، Marwa Saleh Diab ، Sundus Abdu Salam Al-Shreef — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital image processing is increasingly being used in a variety of industries, including food processing, medical science, particle technology, cement, and powder manufacturing. Medical image processing is a discipline in medical science that involves the use of technology to take images of the human body's interior in the least invasive way possible. As medical and biological sciences advance, imaging has become a more important discipline. One of the most useful programs is ImageJ, a public-domain Java image processing program inspired by NIH Image for the Macintosh. In this study, we demonstrated some, but not all, applications of ImageJ in the medical field and for medical and biological students that can be easily implemented in their institutions. One of these applications was bacterial cell counting, in which a microscopic image of

gram-stained bacterial cells was captured using a student's smartphone, treated with ImageJ, and the bacterial cells were easily counted automatically using ImageJ. The second application of ImageJ in this review was to calculate the antimicrobial zone of inhibition. We calculated the percentage of the inhibition zone for three different amoxicillin antibiotic brands using very simple steps. The third application of ImageJ was to analyze a CT scan brain images, and we were able to define the hemorrhage location. Finally, we demonstrated that this free software can estimate protein-protein colocalization. This technique is useful in many cell biological and physiological studies to demonstrate the relationship between pairs of biomolecules. In another example of co-localization, the researchers confirmed the SyGCaM2-mCherry sensor's presynaptic localization to hippocampal synapses, where it was co-localized with a bassoon (a presynaptic protein) in the stratum radiatum of area CA1. In general, ImageJ is a very useful, free program that can be used easily by specialized people and the beginner medical students.

محاكاة قدرة الإيقاف الإلكترونية والنووية للأيونات الخفيفة والثقيلة في عنصر السيليكون باستخدام طريقة مونتي كارلو

صالح م. بن صالح، هاجر م. البنغازي، شريفة م. العرابي — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تعد قدرة إيقاف المادة الناتجة عن مرور الجسيمات المشحونة عبرها موضوعًا مهمًا في مجالات العلوم التطبيقية والصناعية. تعرف قدرة الإيقاف على أنها كمية الطاقة التي يفقدها الجسيم لكل وحدة طول من مساره عبر الوسط. يجب أن تتم حساب عملية فقدان الطاقة لجسيم مشحون يمر عبر المادة المستهدفة بدقة عالية من خلال القياسات العملية المباشرة أو محاكاة مونتي كارلو أو من خلال الحسابات النظرية. يقدم هذا البحث نظرة ثاقبة لقوى الإيقاف، والمدى المتوقع، والتشتت الطولي والتشتت الجانبي لأيونات مختلفة (البورون، الإنديوم، الزرنيخ، الأنتيمون والفوسفور) عند طاقات من 10 KeV إلى 10 MeV في المادة الهدف (السيليكون) باستخدام برنامج المحاكاة SRIM. في هذه الدراسة تم اختيار هذه الأيونات لأنها أكثر المنشطات شيوعاً في صناعة أشباه الموصلات السيليكونية. سيتم استخدام نتائج الدراسة الحالية لمزيد من البحث في مجال تطعيم المواد شبه الموصلة بالأيونات الخفيفة والثقيلة.

Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Generative AI: ” Reality and challenges”

Malak Mohammed Alaqrabi، Nesrin Basher alshagi — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study provides a comprehensive exploration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), focusing on its transformative applications, technical foundations, and critical challenges. Leveraging advanced models such as GANs, Stable Diffusion, and Mi journey, the research evaluates GenAI’s impact across healthcare, industry, and media, with particular emphasis on its performance in multimodal tasks. Experimental findings demonstrate the superiority of Language Bind in cross-modal synthesis and reveal a shared vulnerability of GenAI systems to noisy data, highlighting the need for robust training methods and improved resilience. In addition to technical performance, this study foregrounds the ethical and societal values essential to responsible GenAI deployment. Core values such as fairness, transparency, accountability, and sustainability are examined in relation to deepfake misuse, algorithmic bias, and data privacy concerns. The paper emphasizes that without proactive governance and inclusive design, GenAI risks amplifying existing inequalities and misinformation. Ultimately, the study presents actionable recommendations to guide value-aligned and socially responsible GenAI development, aiming to maximize its benefits while mitigating risks related to scalability, ethical integrity, and public trust.

Parameters Affecting Performance Of Arsenic Adsorbtion By Magnetic Graphene Oxide

Ali Ibrahim Sherlala، Abdelbasat A. Kazouri، Nasser Abushrenta — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Water is the most essential substance for all life on earth and a precious resource for human civilization. Reliable access to clean and affordable water is considered one of the most basic humanitarian goals and remains a major challenge for the 21^st century. Adsorption is one of the most effective approach to clean water by removing toxic pollutants. Grapheme oxide/Iron oxides hybrid are recently used by few researchers for the purpose of removing arsenic from waste water

In this study, Magnetic grapheme oxide was synthesized by co-precipitation method and used as an adsorbent for arsenic removal from aqueous solution. The structures and properties of the grapheme oxide, magnetic grapheme oxide was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, FTIR. Batch laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate removal efficiency. Additionally, as (III) adsorption capacity of synthesized materials were studied. The highest percentage of removal is obtained between pH7.5 and 10.5.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Upper Cross Syndrome Among Physiotherapy Students at the University of Tripoli.

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by postural imbalances of the head, neck, and shoulders, often exacerbated by prolonged electronic device use and poor posture. This study aimed to determine nthe prevalence of UCS and its associated factors among physiotherapy students at the University of Tripoli. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2024 among 126 physiotherapy students aged 20–25 years, using a self-administered questionnaire and clinical assessments including neck range of motion, wall and ruler test for forward head posture, and thumb test for rounded shoulders. Results revealed a high prevalence of UCS-related symptoms, with 50.8% reporting neck tension, 85% mild pectoral muscle stiffness, 46% forward head posture, and 44.4% rounded shoulders; moreover, 73.8% experienced headaches associated with device use or studying, and 89.7% reported pain during poor posture. Despite these findings, 57.7% did not seek treatment, while only 11.1% received physiotherapy. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant associations between device usage and pain type (p=0.041), as well as between neck tightness and pain (p=0.002). In conclusion, UCS is highly prevalent among physiotherapy students at the University of Tripoli, with poor posture and device usage as major contributing factors, underscoring the need for early intervention, postural education, and physiotherapy to prevent long-term musculoskeletal complications. These findings also highlight the importance of future longitudinal and interventional studies to further explore preventive and therapeutic strategies for UCS in student populations.

Studying the Existence of the Hidden Deadly Radioactive Radon Gas in Some Houses in Al-Ajilat City

Aliya Mohamed Kishada، Assma Musbah Said، Karima Mohamed Abdalla — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study was conducted to detect the presence of the hidden radioactive and deadly radon gas in 10 houses in Al-Zaramaqa area in the city of Al-Ajilat, using a solid-state device (RADEX MR107) for detecting the presence of this gas in buildings of various types. Through this study, the results showed that this gas is present in different proportions depending on the location and design of the building, as well as the type of building materials used in its construction, and the ventilation system employed in the area where the study was conducted. It was found that the radon values in the buildings under study ranged between 28 and 59 Bq/m³. It was also found that these values obtained fall below the dangerous and non-permissible values referred to by the World Health Organization, estimated at (200 Bq/m³) and therefore they are considered within the low risk levels. Lung cancer is one of the most serious consequences of exposure to this radioactive gas. Given the study's limited number of buildings and areas covered, it cannot be concluded that there are no other buildings in the city of Al-Ajilat with high radon concentrations.

Role of P.T in Rehabilitation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome From physiotherapists prospective of view

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent medical disorder characterized by numbness and pain and tingling in the hand and arm of the affected paten , CTS happens when the median nerve is compressed as it travels through the wrist.The current study aims at determining the physiotherapy methods that used in treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome as well as describing factors associated with carpal tunnel syndrome Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 194 physiotherapists who worked in government and private hospitals and clinics in Misurata city from November to May 2025, the data were collected using questionnaire to collect responses from the study population regarding the physiotherapy rehabilitation of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, based on insights drawn from various previous studies, a preliminary version of the questionnaire was designed. Results: The results indicated that physical therapy is the most commonly applied intervention for CTS cases, accounting for 50% of responses. Surgical treatment ranks second with 29.4%, while pharmacological treatment represents the least frequently used approach. In addition, the therapeutic methods adopted for the rehabilitation of CTS patients results reveal that therapeutic exercises are the most commonly used rehabilitation method, cited by 27.7% of respondents, this is followed by ultrasound therapy (21.1%). However, the electrical stimulation and therapeutic massage share an equal rate of 16.8% each. Laser therapy was reported by 9.5%, and the use of medical splints by 6.8%. Other less commonly mentioned techniques (1.3%) including cryotherapy, heat therapy, infrared radiation, and shockwave therapy. Moreover, the results indicated that the effectiveness of physical therapy in improving movement is perceived as "Effective" by the largest proportion of respondents (38.7%), followed by "Very effective" (36.1%), and "Moderate" (18.6%). Lower ratings included "Weak" (3.6%) and "Not effective" (3.1%), which were the least cited..Conclusion: Physiotherapy plays an important role in treatment and rehabilitation of CTS as well as combining physical therapy with other medical strategies can improve the outcomes of the patients.

Various Approaches to Addressing Unit Commitment Issues in Electric Power Plants

Rashed M Ahmed Marimi — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

In this work, the Unit Commitment (UC) problem has been investigated. In order to ensure that the demand for energy is constantly met at the lowest feasible cost, the challenge is in determining which subset of generating units within a power system is particularly effective. Additionally, heuristics, dynamic programming, and Lagrangian relaxation are some of the approaches that are being researched. The uniform convergence (UC) problem is characterized by a number of intrinsic complexities, and each of these techniques is designed to accommodate those complexities. There are a great number of operational restrictions that are responsible for these levels of complexity. These kinds of limitations include things like the requirements for the spinning reserve, the restraints on the thermal unit, the availability of fuel, and the emission regulations. The purpose of this research is to provide light on the effectiveness of a number of contemporary optimization approaches, including enumeration methods, integer programming, and evolutionary algorithms, among others. This research examined how a regional power system operated normally and under emergency situations by studying distribution of power loads alongside generator capacity as well as backup reserves and inter-regional power transfer. The analysis examined both major power plant outages which disrupt the system balance especially when units 7 and 8 fail and what happens when power demand exceeds capacity. The analysis demonstrated that the system has acceptable performance during regular operations but significantly depends on Southern region resources after unit failures cause reduced spinning reserves with substantial interchanges occurring. Tests of increased power demand confirmed that Eastern and Western regions faced essential power deficits reaching 650 MW. System reliability depends on proper distribution of generating sources combined with strategic reserve margin reinforcement together with improved power flow flexibility between regions.

Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Diabetic Foot Syndrome: A Cohort Study at Souq Al-khamees Diabetic Center

Khayri F. Tuloubah، Ibrahim M. Al-osta — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications of diabetes, defined by ulceration associated with peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy. These ulcers can lead to infections and are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations. In Libya, where diabetes prevalence is estimated at 16%, there is limited information regarding patient practices and risk factors regarding diabetic foot syndrome. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic foot syndrome among diabetic patients attending the Souq Alkhamees Diabetic Center in Alkhoms City, Libya. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at the Souq Al-khamees Diabetic Center in collaboration with the Libyan Academy for Postgraduate Studies. The study enrolled 60 diabetic patients with a history of diabetic foot syndrome. Data collection involved acquiring demographic information, diabetes history, and specific foot complications. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (58.33%) and aged 40–79 years. Type II diabetes was present in 86.11% of participants, and glycemic control was notably poor, with 63.89% of patients having HbA1c levels above 8.0 mg/dl. Key clinical findings included: Neuropathy: 76.66% of participants exhibited sensory impairment, with 33.33% demonstrating a complete loss of protective sensation. Dermatological Status: 100% of patients presented with thick infected nails and skin dryness, while 47.22% had foot deformities. Ulcer Characteristics: 80% of participants had a current or historical ulcer. Of active ulcers, 64% were superficial, while 36% were deep, involving structures such as tendons or bones. Mobility: 70% of participants had restricted or absent ambulation. Conclusion: The study population presents a highly complex and aggressive form of diabetic foot disease, primarily driven by uncontrolled hyperglycemia and characterized by severe neuropathy and tissue compromise. The high prevalence of deep ulcers and infection necessitates a clinical management strategy focused on surgical intervention and aggressive offloading. Furthermore, strict glycemic control and patient education regarding foot care are essential to preventing further complications and amputation.

Enhancing Broadside Focusing in 6G Near-Field Communications Using HOBFs within UCCA

Gamal M. Alausta، Mohammed N. Mohammed — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The ability of antenna arrays to achieve sharp broadside focusing is pivotal for near-field communications in sixth-generation (6G) systems, where Extremely Large-Scale Antenna Arrays (ELAAs) are envisioned as a core technology. Although Uniform Concentric Circular Arrays (UCCAs) have been demonstrated to outperform conventional Uniform Circular Arrays (UCAs) in extending the near-field region-mainly by exploiting zero- and first-order Bessel functions-the role of higher-order Bessel functions has received limited attention. This paper introduces a comprehensive analytical framework that systematically incorporates HOBFs to refine the broadside focusing capability of UCCAs. Through mathematical derivations and numerical evaluations, it is shown that HOBFs contribute additional degrees of freedom for beam pattern control, leading to more accurate depth focusing, flexible beam shaping, and enhanced user separation. The analysis reveals that the integration of HOBFs significantly enlarges the Effective Rayleigh Distance (ERD) and reduces inter-user interference, thereby improving spatial resolution and system robustness. These findings highlight the potential of HOBF-assisted UCCAs as a cornerstone in designing near-field multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems for 6G. The proposed methodology provides theoretical insights and practical guidelines for future beamforming strategies aimed at overcoming the challenges of dense deployments, interference mitigation, and high-capacity demands.

NOVEL METHOD FOR HIGH IMPEDANCE FAULT RECOGNITION BASED ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND NEURAL NETWORK

Abdulhamid. A. Abohagar، Mohd. W. Mustafa — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

A novel hybrid method is presented in this paper, which involves the combination of radial basis function neural network RBFNN with discrete wavelet transform DWT. The proposed hybrid method specifically detects and distinguishes high-impedance fault HIF from other transient events, such as capacitor and load switching. A signal has been extracted using wavelet transform to acquire updated and accurate information from the current signal during the fault. The RBFNN classifier has been presented and used to detect and classify HIF from normal conditions to improve the protection scheme in terms of accuracy and computational time. The new approach provides a robust characterization and classification of different fault conditions in terms of a variety of fault resistance and fault location. The hybrid approach has been examined by performing extensive simulation studies, and the outputs are compared with the previous state of the art, which clearly shows the significance of the proposed method.

مكان ومدة التشوين في موقع المشروع وتأثيرها على فعالية الأسمنت

محمد عبد القادر يوسف، محمود أحمد المنتقى، عزالدين صالح الناجح — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

نتيجة لوصول الأسمنت المنتج في المصنع إلى موقع الشغل بالمشروع وتخزينه لعدة أيام أو شهور، فقد تتغير بعض خصائصه بسبب مدة التخزين أو مكان التخزين. في هذه الورقة تم إجراء اختبارات لمحاولة تحديد التباين في خصائص القوة بسبب طول مدة التخزين ونوعيته. عند قياس التغيير في خصائص القوة بسبب التخزين في ظروف مختلفة بموقع المشروع وعلى أعمار مختلفة للأسمنت، كان واضحا الانخفاض في مقاومة ضغط المونة الإسمنتية بسبب التقادم (طازج، شهر، شهران، 3شهور، 4شهور) لكل من ظروف التخزين المختلفة (عادي، محكم)، وذلك عند عمل اختبارات الضغط على العينات المأخوذة عند 3و 7و 28 يوم بعد صب العينة. النتيجة الأبرز كانت الانخفاض في مقاومة الضغط للمكعبات بعد 28 يوما من الصب بمقدار %46 للأسمنت مع التخزين العادي وحوالي %25فقط للأسمنت المحكم الغلق. وهذا النوع الأخير من التخزين (المحكم الإغلاق) يعتبر مقارب للسلوك القياسي للأسمنت البورتلندي العادي حسب ما هو موجود بالمواصفات المصنعية وأعطي قوة التحمل المقبولة حتى 3 أشهر.

Nutritional Value and Elemental Analysis of Cynomorium coccineum L. Grown in Libya

Hanan S. Adem — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The present study aims to determine the nutritional value of the powdered stems of Cynomorium coccineum L. grown in Libya, using standard analytical methods. The proximate analysis revealed the crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, moisture and carbohydrate content were 9.633 ± 0.205 %, 1.656 ± 0.004 %, 3.073 ± 0.12 %, 5.276 ± 0.016 %, 10.513 ± 0.026 % and 69.849 ± 0.074 %, respectively. The computed energy value was 332.834 ± 1.152 Kcal/g. The analysis of mineral elements showed that the plant stem contains high levels of calcium, sodium and potassium 19940 53 g/g, 2273 20 g/gand13840 g/g, respectively, and low levels of manganese, iron, copper, zinc and cobalt at 156 g/g, 124 g/g, 112 2.8 g/g, 54 g/g and 20 g/g respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that the plant's stem contains an appreciable amount of nutrients and mineral elements, and further supports its potential use in nutraceutical formulations.

تــأثــيــر التربة الناعمة عــلــى الــخــواص الــهــندســية للــتربــة الرمــليــة

جمال منصور الشريف، مريم جابر، رؤى حسن سويسي — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

يُعد تحسين الخصائص الهندسية للتربة أحد التحديات الرئيسية في مجال هندسة التربة، خاصة عند تصــــــــميم الأسس الإنشائية على التربة الرملية، التي غــــالبًا ما تكـــــون ضعيفة التحـــــمل والــــــقدرة على الدعم. تهدف هذه الورقة البحثية إلى تحليل تأثير إضافة التربة الناعمة بنسب مخــتلفة (4%، 8%، 16%) إلـــــــى التــربة الرملية، وتحديد مدى تــــأثيره على خـــــصائص التربة الفـــــيزيائية والـــــميكانيكية، بهدف تحســـــــين استقرار التربة وتحملها للأحمال، وبالتالي تحسين أداء الأسس المبــنية عليها . تم إجراء ســـــلسلة من الاختبارات على التربة الرملية و التربة الناعمة المضافة. شملت الاختبارات الفيزيائية للــتربة الرملية الـــــتحليل المنـــــــــخــــــــــــلي، والــــــــــذي أظــــــــــــهر أن التربة رملية طميية، بالإضــــــــــافة إلى قيـــــــــاس الــــــــوزن الــــــنوعي. أما الاخـــــتبارات الميــــــــكانيكية فقد تضـــــــمنت اختبار الدمـــــــك القياسي، الذي أعـــــــــــــــــــطى وحـــــــــــــــــدة وزن جــــــــــــافة قدره 17 KN/m³، واختبار القص المباشر لتحديد زاوية الاحتكاك والتماسك. كما تم اختبار الدمك والقص للطمي لــــــــتحديد تأثيره عند إضـــــــافته لـــــلتربة الرملية . أظهرت النتائج أن إضافة 4% من التربة الناعمة خفـضت وحدة الوزن الجافة للتربة إلــــــى 16.9 KN/m³، وزادت زاويــــة الاحتــــــــكاك إلى 35.678° ، وبلغ التـــــماســــــك 4.22 Kpa . عــــــند إضافة 8% من التربة الناعمة كانت وحدة الوزن الجافة مساوية لوحدة الوزن الجافة للتربة بدون إضافات 17 KN/m³ ولكن زاوية الاحتكاك انخفضــت إلى 32.639°، وارتفع التماسك إلى17.947 Kpa . أما عند إضـــــافة 16% من التربة الناعمة، فقد زادت وحدة الوزن الجافة بشكل ملحوظ إلى 18.74 KN/m³ ، وارتفعت زاوية الاحـــتكاك إلى 34.11° ، بينما بلغ التماسك 37.867 Kpa. تشير هذه النتائج إلى أن إضافة التربة الناعمة إلى التربة الرملية يمكن أن يؤدي إلى تحسينات ملحوظة في الخــصائص الميكانيكية للتربة، مما يســـــــاهم في زيادة اســـــــتقرار الأسس المبنية على هذه التربة وتحسين قدرتها على تحمل الأحمال.

دوال إنتاجية المياه ومؤشارت استهلاك المياه لمحصول الفول تحت ظروف الري الناقص

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم استراتيجية الري الناقص كوسيلة لإدارة مياه الري وتحسين كفاءة استخدامها في إنتاج محصول الفول، من خلال دراسة تأثير كميات مختلفة من مياه الري على النمو والإنتاجية، وتقدير بعض المؤشرات الاقتصادية لاستهلاك المياه. أُجريت التجربة في منطقة الشتيوية جنوبي مدينة الزاوية خلال فصلي الخريف والشتاء 2023/2024 باستخدام نظام الري بالرش خطي المصدر (Line Source Sprinkler Irrigation). تم تنفيذ سبع معاملات مائية مختلفة على قطع تجريبية بمساحة 1.5 × 6 م لكل منها. جرى تقدير المحتوى الرطوبي الحجمي للتربة عند بداية ونهاية الموسم، ورُصدت كميات مياه الري باستخدام حوض التبخر من النوع A ومعادلة هارجريفس-ساماني المعدلة، بالإضافة إلى استخدام جهاز TDR لمتابعة تغيرات الرطوبة. شملت الدراسة تحديد القرون وهي رطبة ممتلئة بالحبوب، وكل من الوزن الرطب والجاف للحبوب. تم تقدير دالة إنتاجية المياه (WPF)، كفاءة استخدام المياه (WUE)، والعائد لكل وحدة مياه (WPy وWP_M). أظهرت النتائج أن التغير في كميات مياه الري أدى إلى تراجع غير خطي للإنتاجية. بلغ أعلى متوسط لإنتاجية الحبوب الجافة 2.37 طن/هكتار عند إضافة 2617.7 م³/هكتار من مياه الري. كما حُدّدت القيم المثلى لمياه الري اللازمة لتحقيق أعلى إنتاجية بكل من 3027.08، 2674.5، و2494.5 م³/هكتار للقرون الرطبة والحبوب الرطبة والجافة، على التوالي. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الإدارة الدقيقة لمياه الري باستخدام الري الناقص بإمكانه أن تحسن كفاءة استخدام المياه دون تأثير سلبي كبير على الإنتاجية، مما يعزز من جدوى هذه التقنية في المناطق ذات الموارد المائية المحدودة.

STUDY ON ANTIBIOTICS AND THEIR DISPENSING CONTROL IN TRIPOLI PHARMACIES

Ashraf Fatah Alzalitini، Ramadan Ali Alshames — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper is based on studying the method of dispensing different antibiotics in the Tripoli city that used in treatment of infection through pharmacies in Tripoli, meaning do you know which antibiotics are prescribed by a specialist doctor or are they dispensed without a medical classification and according to patient's request or are the two previously mentioned methods of dispensing antibiotics dependent ? Through this study, it is necessary to emphasize the dispensing of antibiotics in one way, which is the medical prescriptions approved by the specialist doctor after detected of bacterial infection or disease, and determined the legal and ethical responsibility for infringement these laws and warnings due to some antibiotics has bad action can range from headache and nausea to fever. Also the dispense of antibiotics without prescription and in random quantity increase the probability of bacterial resistant to antibiotic, this lead to decrease pharmacological activity of antibiotics .

A Study on the Prevalence and Management of Knee Joint Injuries Among Patients Attending Physiotherapy Centers in Misrata, Libya

Aymen M. Elgoneti، Fatima S. Abuhank، Fatima A. Shaklawon — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The knee joint is among the most complex and heavily loaded joints in the human body, making it vulnerable to both acute and degenerative injuries. These injuries often impair mobility and quality of life, underscoring the importance of understanding their prevalence and management strategies.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, typologies of knee joint injuries, as well as the management strategies commonly adopted among patients attending physiotherapy centers in Misrata, Libya.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024 across public and private physiotherapy centers in Misrata. A structured and validated questionnaire was administered to 110 adult patients presenting with knee injuries. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 28, employing descriptive statistics to summarize demographic, clinical, and management characteristics.

Results: Osteoarthritis was the most prevalent knee condition (55.5%), followed by ligament injuries (39.1%), meniscal tears (22.7%), and patellar fractures (8.2%). Females comprised 60% of the sample, and the most affected age group was 50–60 years (19.1%). Analgesic use before medical consultation was reported by 79.1% of participants, and 75.5% received physician-prescribed analgesics. Surgical intervention was advised for 60% of cases, with 50.9% undergoing surgery. Physiotherapy was initiated post-surgery in 59.1% of participants, and 88.2% reported functional improvement following physiotherapy.

Conclusion: Osteoarthritis and ligament injuries are the most common knee pathologies among physiotherapy patients in Misrata. Physiotherapy plays a pivotal role in rehabilitation and pain reduction, emphasizing its importance in comprehensive knee injury management.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of filtered drinking water purification systems in Janzour Municipality in eliminating intestinal parasites

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Provision safe drinking water is a fundamental public health priority. In recent years, filtered groundwater has become a widely used source of drinking water in Janzour Municipality. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of filtered drinking water purification systems in Janzour Municipality in eliminating intestinal parasites. The study's findings also serve to assure the local population about the safety and potability of the distributed water, contributing significantly to public health. To this end, 20 filtered drinking water samples were randomly collected from 20 groundwater treatment and filtration sites across the municipality. Approximately two liters of water were collected per site using clean, sterile plastic bottles. Following collection, the sample were placed in a refrigerated container and immediately transported to the laboratory at the Center for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention in Tripoli for analysis. Microscopic examination confirmed that none the samples contained intestinal parasite stages. These results demonstrate that the drinking water purification system in Janzour Municipality is highly effective in eliminating intestinal parasite contamination not only immediately after filtration but also during the storage and distribution phases. The system follows a well-designed, fully enclosed process from initial filtration through to final delivery, ensuring the continued safety and potability of the treated water.

Performance Assessment and Computer Simulation of the M-ary QAM Modulation Scheme

Amaal O. Althini، Hanin M. Hamdona، Amer Ragab Zerek — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The most important issue in digital communication system is to receive data as similar as the data sent from the transmitter with a high speed using less channel bandwidth. This means that it is important to test the systems in terms of probability of error to view the system's performance. Each modulation technique has different performance while dealing with signals, which normally are affected with noise. One of digital modulation scheme is used is known as an M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-ary QAM) .In this paper performances investigation and computer simulation of M –ary QAM has been carried out for different number of levels symbols using powerful scientific software known as a Matlab with Simulink V. 2018. When increasing the number of levels, the simulated result, show that the bit error rate (BER) decrease but generally M-ary QAM is more bandwidth efficient than other M- ary modulation systems types.

The Role of Physicians and Pharmacists in Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs and How to Control Antibiotics Bacterial Resistance

Ahmad Ajdidi، Emhamed Boras، Omro A. Aburas، Mostafa Abdoarrahem — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health threats of the 21st century, leading to higher mortality rates, prolonged illness, and increased healthcare costs. This crisis is primarily driven by the misuse of antibiotics, lack of awareness, and suboptimal prescribing practices. In response, Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) have emerged as a key strategy to reduce bacterial resistance by promoting the rational use of antibiotics. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of physicians and pharmacists in ASPs and how their actions influence the appropriate use of antibiotics and help combat resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire distributed to 207 healthcare professionals, including physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory technicians, across healthcare institutions in Tripoli and surrounding areas between May 24 and June 19, 2023. The collected data revealed varying levels of knowledge and practices regarding antibiotic use, highlighting the need for improved awareness and continuous professional education. research emphasizes the complementary roles of physicians and pharmacist in the successful implementation of ASPs and advocates for multidisciplinary collaboration, enforcement of local and international policies, and the adoption of evidence-based strategies to tackle the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a critical strategy in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in healthcare settings with limited resources. This cross-sectional study examined the engagement, knowledge, and perceptions of healthcare professionals including physicians, pharmacists, and laboratory staff toward AMS practices in a multidisciplinary context. Results: Showed high overall participation in stewardship activities, with 70% of respondents involved in decision-making processes. However, a significant portion (30%) remained uninvolved, pointing to possible gaps in communication or institutional structure. Conclusion: The majority of participants (74.6%) acknowledged a perceived decline in antibiotic effectiveness, underscoring the urgency of addressing AMR. Although interest in research was limited, the expressed demand for further training—particularly in the safe use of antibiotics and resistance mechanisms—suggests a strong potential for capacity building.

أثر جودة برامج التدريب على التنمية المستدامة دراسة حالة على إدارة عمليات منطقة مصراتة بشركة البريقة لتسويق النفط

محمد الهادي محمد خليل — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تعتبر جودة البرنامج التدريبي مسألة جوهرية للمنظمات من خلال إعداد البرامج التدريبية التي تواكب التطور وتهدف للوصول بالمتدرب أو نتائج التدريب إلى مستوى مميّز وبما يتلاءم مع متطلبات العمل, وكذلك المساهمة في تحقيق أهداف التنمية بالمجتمعات. وهدف البحث إلى تقييم واقع جودة نظام التدريب للعاملين وعلاقته بالتنمية المستدامة، دراسة حالة بإدارة عمليات منطقة مصراتة بشركة البريقة لتسويق النفط, حيثُ تمّ التعرّف على تقديرات وتوقعات المتدرّبين بتلك المؤسسة ومدى الانعكاس تجاه التنمية المستدامة بالبيئة المحيطة, وكذلك الوصول إلى الاقتراحات أو وضع التوصيات المعينة من أجل التغلب على العوائق أو الصعوبات التي ربما تواجه المنظمة قيد البحث.

ولقد تم تجميع البيانات من عينة طبقية تتكون من مجموعة من الموظفين القياديين الممثلين لمدراء المكاتب ورؤساء الأقسام والمشرفين بالجهة, حيث تمّ الحصول على عدد 15 استبانة صالحة للتحليل الاحصائي, والممثلة لمجتمع البحث, وقد تمّ تحليلها باستخدام الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية SPSS-20 بهدف الوصول إلى نتائج البحث.

هذا وقد خلص البحث بالوصول إلى نتائج معينة من بينها : ضعف وجود الأثر الواضح من البرنامج التدريبي باستغلال الموارد الطبيعية بشكلٍ أكثر استدامة بالبيئة المحيطة، وكذلك تدني وضع سياسة الشركة من حيث البحث عن البرامج التدريبية التي تتصف بالجودة المناسبة وتخدم الواقع العملي.

ومن خلال تلك النتائج عرض الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات بهدف الاهتمام ببرامج التدريب, وما لذلك من أثرٍ إيجابيّ على التنمية المستدامة بالبيئة أو المجتمع المحيط.

دور التقنيات الحديثة في مكافحة العدوي بالمباني الصحية

محمد الصغير الفرجاني — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تُبرز هذه الدراسة أهمية التكامل بين التصميم المعماري والتقنيات الحديثة كأداة فعالة لتحسين جودة البيئة الصحية مع التركيز على تحديد مدى توافق هذه المباني مع المعايير التصميمية العالمية. تسهم هذه في دعم صناع القرار والمهندسين لتطوير مبانٍ صحية أكثر أمانًا وكفاء، كما تهدف الدراسة إلى تقييم دور التقنيات الحديثة في مكافحة العدوى في المباني الصحية في ليبيا. اعتمدت الدراسة منهجية تحليلية وصفية شملت جمع البيانات الميدانية باستخدام قوائم التقييم واستبيانات موجهة إلى مديري المنشآت الصحية، المهندسين، والمشرفين على مكافحة العدوى، تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام الأساليب الإحصائية لتحديد الفجوات التصميمية والتقنية التي تعيق تحقيق بيئة صحية آمنة وأظهرت النتائج وجود قصور واضح في تطبيق المعايير التصميمية مثل اختيار مواقع المباني الصحية البعيدة عن مصادر التلوث، وتصميم مسارات الحركة الداخلية لتقليل الاختلاط بين المرضى والعاملين.

كشفت النتائج عن ضعف كبير في اعتماد التقنيات الحديثة مثل أنظمة التهوية الذكية، أجهزة التعقيم التلقائي، واستخدام مواد التشطيب المقاومة للميكروبات، كما اكدت النتائج أن هذا القصور يؤثر بشكل مباشر على قدرة المباني الصحية في تقليل انتشار العدوى وضمان سلامة المرضى والعاملين، كما بينت النتائج اهمية تحسين تصميم المباني الصحية لتلبي المعايير الدولية، وتبني التقنيات الحديثة في التهوية والتعقيم، وتوفير برامج تدريبية لرفع وعي العاملين والمصممين حول أهمية مكافحة العدوى. أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز الإطار المؤسسي والتنظيمي لدعم تطبيق هذه المعايير والتقنيات بإجراء مزيد من الأبحاث المستقبلية لتطوير استراتيجيات أكثر شمولية تتناسب مع الظروف المحلية وتحدياتها.

صعوبات بناء نظام إدارة الجودة واعتماد المختبرات في المركز الليبي لبحوث اللدائن

Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

: تم في هذه الدراسة تسليط الضوء على المشاكل والعراقيل التي تُواجه بناء نظام إدارة الجودة في المركز الليبي لبحوث اللدائن وتحديدا أثناء البدء في تطبيق المواصفة ISO 17025 في مختبرات المركز وكان ذلك من وجهة نظر الموظفين الذين لهم علاقة بالعمل في المختبرات كالمدراء ورؤساء الأقسام والمكاتب ومشرفي المعامل ومشغلي الأجهزة والباحثين والفنيين، حيث تم وضع استبيان كوسيلة لجمع البيانات من عينة الدراسة والذي تضمن أسئلة تعكس فرضيات الدراسة وقد استهدفت فيه الفئات المذكورة وذلك لغرض تحديد نقاط الضعف والقوة التي تواجه عملية تنفيذ بنود المواصفة ولمحاولة إيجاد أو اقتراح الحلول التي تُساهم في تخطي تلك المعوقات وتحقيق النظام حتى يتسنى بالتالي الحصول على اعتماد المختبرات. للوصول إلى قرارات ذات قيمة دلالية تدعم موضوع الدراسة. تم اتخاد منهج الاحصاء الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام البرنامج الإحصائي (Statistics Package for Social Science SPSS) لإجراء الاختبارات الإحصائية المناسبة على الاستبيانات والتي كان عددها حوالي سبع وعشرون شخصاً والتي تمثل ما نسبته 31% من مجتمع الدراسة. وقد تبين من النتائج وجود قصور في تلبية بعض بنود المواصفة متمثلة في ضعف برنامج الصيانة والمعايرة والإجراءات الإدارية الأخرى التنظيمية داخل المختبرات والتي من ضمنها السلامة المهنية، كما أن عدم اكتمال النظام الأساسي للمركز كان عائقاً أساسياً أمام تأخير تنفيذ بنود المواصفة. وقد خلصت الدراسة بمجوعة من التوصيات لعل أهمها رفع كفاءة مشغلي الأجهزة باستهدافهم بدورات تدريبية مكثفة وبشكل دوري سواء كانت هذه الدورات في الداخل أو الخارج. كما أوصت الدراسة بالعمل على ضرورة تنظيم الإجراءات الإدارية التي من شأنها تسهيل تطبيق المواصفة (ISO 17025) في مختبرات المركز.

An enhanced Web Application Firewall Security for real-time DDOS detection using Deep Learning and integrating LSTM models into Modsecurity Firewall

Haithem Ali Alghazzawi، Mohamed Elbeshti، Abdalrahman Alfagi — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Web applications are the backbone of most digital online services, whereby clients communicate with the server, and enormous amounts of sensitive data are processed in real-time. Consequently, sensitive information may be compromised or become vulnerable to several threats, or it may disrupt information availability, which directly threatens Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability, causing financial loss, legal consequences, erosion of user trust, or business discontinuity. Based on recent statistics, DDoS attacks represent 61% of web attacks, while traditional web application firewall capabilities haven’t met modern environment needs to effectively and successfully protect web-based applications from DDoS attacks. Therefore, an enhanced WAF is proposed to protect an organization’s web applications and their resources from DDoS attacks. A deep learning approach using an LSTM model (DDoS detection layer) positioned beside the WAF to enhance its capabilities for real-Time DDoS detection. This layer analyzes all incoming traffic to identify the abnormal requests and then feeds its output to the WAF, helping the WAF respond only to legitimate traffic. Thus, both the DDoS layer and the WAF work together to detect and block DDOS attack. The integrated system was tested using evaluation metrics such as accuracy and loss. The results show the ability of the system to process 500–800 requests per second, had a 2–5 ms average response time, and consumed a low amount of computing resources (50–80 MB memory, 10–15% CPU). The drop in the throughput around 20% (to 400–600 req/s), an increase in latency up to 20–30 ms, a rise in memory usage up to 200–300 MB, and a CPU consumption of 25–40%. The tradeoff was very much worth it because the integration resulted in a significant improvement in detection and security overall efficiency. The experimental results provide evidence that the proposed LSTM models led to a better enhancement in the detection capabilities of the WAF systems over the traditional methods. This approach represents a highly important and practical method of relying upon deep learning for traditional WAF system

Comparative Application of Artificial Neural Networks and ANFIS Techniques for Short-Term Load Forecasting in the Western Libyan Power Grid

Naji Eltawil، Abdelbaset Ihbal، Sofyian Forjani — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The stability and economic efficiency of modern power systems rely profoundly on accurate short-term load forecasting (STLF). This investigation presents a comparative assessment of two artificial intelligence methodologies,Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for STLF within the Western Libyan power grid. This network operates under considerable strain from extreme climatic conditions and infrastructural limitations, which introduce pronounced volatility and non-linearity into load patterns. Leveraging a comprehensive 2023 dataset from the General Electricity Company of Libya (GECOL), which integrates historical load data with critical meteorological variables, two models in MATLAB were developed and simulated. The findings reveal a decisive superiority of the ANFIS model, which achieved a remarkable average forecasting error of just 0.50%, starkly contrasting with the ANN model's error of 8.37%. This performance is attributed to the ANFIS architecture, which effectively marries the adaptive learning capabilities of neural networks with the transparent, rule-based reasoning of fuzzy logic. This synergy renders ANFIS an exceptionally accurate tool for short-term load forecasting in complex and uncertain environments like Libya.

Comparative Analysis of LSTM Architectures for Crime occurrence time prediction

Khawla Hasan Almahjoub، Abduelbaset Mustafa Goweder — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Crime prediction has gained increasing attention due to the growing availability of historical crime data and the need for data-driven decision-making in public safety. This study presents a comparative analysis of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures for predicting the exact occurrence time of crimes based on temporal patterns. Three LSTM-based models are evaluated: Vanilla LSTM, Stacked LSTM, and Bidirectional LSTM.

The proposed approach integrates time-based features and lag features to capture temporal dependencies within crime data. Model performance is assessed using standard regression metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Experimental results indicate that deeper LSTM architectures combined with temporal lag information improve prediction accuracy compared to the baseline model.

This study demonstrates the effectiveness of LSTM-based models for crime occurrence prediction and provides insights into selecting suitable deep learning architectures for time-series crime analysis, supporting the development of more reliable tools for proactive crime prevention.

Evaluation and Detection of Osteoporosis among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients by Dual -enegy x-ray Absorpotiometry (Dexa)

Liala T. Elessawi، Fathi S. Aldrissi، Manal S. Almadani، Sabah H. Masoud — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a pivotal diagnostic tool for detecting osteoporosis and monitoring treatment response, due to its speed and wide availability, measurement accuracy, and low radiation exposure. Early detection of osteoporosis in patients can reduce the incidence of fractures, worsening of the disease, and high economic burdens on individuals and health systems. This research aims to highlight the vital role of DXA in the detection of osteoporosis in rheumatoid patients, and to explore the main causes that have a significant role in the progression of the osteoporosis stage.

This study included a group of rheumatic patients with osteoporosis, of both sexes, approximately between the ages of 30 and 80 years. The total number of samples reached 40 patients, where part of the images were obtained from patients who were photographed during their visit to the clinics (Al-Diqqa Clinic, Clinic Al-Masarra, The Advance center for medical imaging ), while the rest of the data were collected from the patients who had pictures and results of tests ready.

Through the research, we found that females are more likely to develop osteoporosis than males, because the percentage of mineral density in women is lower than in males in all locations, in addition to the increase in the incidence rate with age. We also noted an association between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of osteoporosis (P<0.01), as the level of vitamin D in patients with osteoporosis decreases with age. Conclusions: DEXA plays an important role in evaluating osteoarthritis, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoarthritis and improving the chances of predicting fracture risks and evaluating treatment by providing information about bone density, quality and strength.

Novel Materials and Composites for Enhanced Radiation Shielding Applications

Hanan Husayn Abraheem — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Requirements for new advanced radiation shielding materials are rising on the account of their importance in nuclear, industrial and medical applications. Conventional materials, including lead, can be effective, but have significant disadvantages in terms of toxicity, weight and process ability. In this study, the novel material and composition having better shielding effectiveness and overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional shield are investigated. The present materials composed of high-Z formal elements, a polymer composite and nano materials, have greater attenuation properties, reduced weight, and are more ecologically preferable. This work reports on the production of new nature-friendly nanocomposite materials based on polymers and high atomic number (Z) elements for radiation shielding purposes, which is found to provide us with a basic source of right radiation diagnoses.

Spectroscopic and Hydrogeochemical Analysis of Heavy Metal and Ion Transport in Tripoli's Suburban Aquifers

Amal Boker، Malak Abduarrazag Alya، Samar Khaled Almarghany — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study comprehensively investigates the physicochemical characteristics and contamination levels of groundwater from wells of varying depths across four suburban areas in Tripoli. Utilizing advanced atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, we precisely quantified heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As) and major cations (Na, Ca, K) to evaluate water quality and associated health risks. Our results indicate significant element concentration variations, with a statistically supported correlation between well depth and contaminant levels, shaped by the region’s unique hydrogeological features. Notably, elevated heavy metal and ion concentrations in shallower wells frequently surpassed WHO and Libyan safety standards. These findings establish a vital baseline for ongoing environmental surveillance and underscore the need for developing predictive physics-based models for contaminant transport in local aquifers. This research provides an integrated spectroscopic and hydrogeochemical perspective essential for environmental management.

Study of Conformity Assessment in Libya, with Insights from the Cement Industry

Abdelrazak Ben Jaber، Mohammed Rasem AlShadeed — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the current state of conformity assessment (CA) in Libya, with a specific focus on the cement manufacturing sector as a case study. Conformity assessment, encompassing testing, inspection, certification, and accreditation, plays a critical role in ensuring product quality, safety, and market access. Libya faces challenges in implementing effective CA practices, hindering its economic diversification. This research evaluates stakeholder awareness, infrastructure adequacy, legal/institutional frameworks, and alignment with international standards using a mixed-methods approach. A stakeholder survey (N=54) and qualitative analysis of Libyan legal and regulatory documents were employed. Key findings reveal nominal CA awareness (82.69%), yet practical implementation gaps exist due to inadequate infrastructure (18.8% of respondents citing this as an obstacle), weak enforcement (18.8%), and limited technical expertise. The cement sector showed low Quality Management Systems (QMS) adoption (48%) and inconsistent adherence to the Libyan Portland Cement Standard LNS 340:2009. While support for aligning with international standards is strong (average rating 4.04/5), obstacles like lack of awareness (31.1%) and technical expertise (30.2%) impede progress. The study proposes actionable recommendations to strengthen Libya’s CA system, including developing a unified national framework, investing in accredited laboratories, and promoting collaboration.

Topological Spaces Associated with Finite Divisor Graphs

Osama AB. M. Shafah — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is to represent a bitopological representation of divisor graph defining in a finite commutative rings in which every vertex is adjacent with a vertex if and only if . Then some properties of this bitopological space were investigated.

التصميم الحضري نهجاً لتعزيز التفاعل الاجتماعي والبيئي /إعادة تأهيل حديقة الحيوان طرابلس

هبه عمرو إسماعيل، علي ساسي علي عيسى — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تلعب حدائق الحيوان دورًا محوريًا على المستوى العالمي، فهي بمثابة أدوات تعليمية، وثقافية، وبيئية تُعزز فهم العلاقة بين الإنسان وعالم الحيوان والطبيعة. في ظل التحديات البيئية الراهنة، مثل تدهور الموائل الطبيعية، وتغير المناخ، وتزايد معدلات انقراض الأنواع الحيوانية، تحولت هذه الحدائق من مجرد أماكن ترفيهية إلى منصات هامة للحفاظ على التنوع البيولوجي ورفع مستوى الوعي المجتمعي بأهمية حماية البيئة والكائنات الحية. يتطلب هذا الأمر اهتمامًا خاصًا بمحتوى التصميم لخلق مساحات مناسبة للجميع، تدعم جذب الزوار وتعزيز التفاعل الاجتماعي بفعالية. واجهت حديقة حيوان طرابلس مجموعة من التحديات التي أثرت سلبًا على أدائها الوظيفي، والاجتماعي، والبيئي، نتيجةً لغياب معايير التصميم الحديثة. يعاني تصميم الحديقة من عدة مشكلات، منها: صعوبة الوصول والممرات التي لا تُشجع على التفاعل والتعلم، ونقص المعلومات التعليمية والإرشادية حول الحيوانات، والاكتظاظ بسبب ندرة المساحات المخصصة للزوار خلال أوقات الذروة. قيّمت هذه الورقة البحثية الوضع الراهن لحديقة حيوان طرابلس، وحللت التحديات التي تواجهها، وقَيَّمَت كفاءة المساحات الحضرية داخلها. واختُتمت الدراسة بتقديم مقترحات لإعادة تأهيل حديقة الحيوانات استنادًا إلى مبادئ التصميم الحضري، بهدف تحسين التفاعل الاجتماعي وتحقيق الاستدامة البيئية. وتسعى الدراسة أيضًا إلى تقديم حلول تصميم مستدامة. وقد أظهرت نتائج التحليل وجود ثغرات واضحة في عناصر التصميم والوظائف، وقُدِّمَت مقترحات لإعادة تأهيل كل منطقة بناءً على النموذج المرجعي المعتمد. تُوصِي الدراسة بضرورة تبني المعايير والمؤشرات الدولية عند إنشاء حدائق الحيوانات الحضرية في ليبيا، من أجل تحقيق بيئة تعليمية وترفيهية وتفاعلية مستدامة. وتتجسد نتائج البحث في تقديم رؤية تصميمية متكاملة لإعادة تأهيل حديقة حيوانات طرابلس، بما يُسهم في تحويلها إلى مركز رائد للتعليم والترفيه، يضمن تفاعلًا إيجابيًا بين الإنسان والطبيعة، ويلبي احتياجات المجتمع المحلي والزوار على حد سواء.

انشاء نموذج قاعدة بيانات لمشاريع الطرق في مدينة بني وليد باستخدام نظم المعلومات الجغرافية

اسماعيل قودان نايل، آلاء الرحمن علي الفتلاوي — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تهدف الدّراسة إلى الاستفادة من تقنية وتطبيقات نظم المعلومات الجغرافيّة في إعداد منظومة تعمل على حصر وتجميع بيانات الطّرق لمدينة بني وليد وأرشفتها إلكترونيّاً، وإلى تحويل كلّ البيانات الورقيّة إلى بيانات إلكترونيّة على شكل خرائط تفاعليّة، وأيضاً الاستفادة من هذه التّقنية في عمل خرائط تفاعليّة لتساعد وتسهل على جهات الاختصاص معرفة بيانات كل طريق بصورة سريعة ودقيقة دون الحاجة إلى البحث عن كلّ طريقٍ لوحده وسط مجموعةٍ كبيرةٍ من الأوراق.

وبعد البحث والزيارات الى الجهات المختصة كانت البيانات التي تمّ الحصول عليها محدودةً ومتفرّقة من جهات عدة، تم إنشاء قاعدة بيانات للمدينة باستخدام برنامج ArcGIS 10.8، وتم إدخال البيانات ومعالجتها، وإخراج النّتائج, وتمّ تصنيف الطّرق في كلّ مدينة تصنيفاً وظيفيّاً وفقاً لدليل معايير التّصميم الهندسي للطّرق الليبية الصّادر من مصلحة الطّرق والجسور، وتمّ عرض النّتائج في صورة خريطة تفاعليّة توضّح نوع كل طريق، ممّا يسهل عملية فهم شبكة الطّرق وإدارتها بشكل اكثر فعالية، كما تمّ إنشاء خريطة تفاعليّة تعرض حالة مؤشر الرّصف لكلّ طريق باستخدام ألوانٍ توضّح درجة حالة مؤشّر الرّصف لكل طريق: (ممتاز، جيد، مقبول، ضعيف، ضعيف جداً، سيء، فاشل)، وهذه الخريطة التّفاعليّة ستمكن جهات الاختصاص من فهم حالة شبكة الطّرق في المدينة بسرعة؛ ممّا يلغي الحاجة إلى البحث اليدوي في الأوراق والمستندات أو متابعة حالة كلّ طريق بشكل منفصل، وبهذه الطّريقة يتمّ توفير الجهد والوقت، ويجعل من عملية المتابعة أكثر فعاليّة.

تقييم النشاط الإشعاعي الطبيعي في عينات من السيراميك والبورسلين باستخدام كاشف الجرمانيوم عالي النقاوة (HPGe)

فاضل عزالدين الشريف، عائشة عبدالحفيظ عبدالله، مسعودة محمد الشلواح — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتحديد مستويات تركيز النشاط الإشعاعي الطبيعي لعدد 30 عينة تجارية مختلفة لبلاط كل من السيراميك والبورسلين وذلك باستخدام مطيافية أشعة جاما التي تتضمن كاشف الجرمانيوم عالي النقاوة. أظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستويات تركيز النشاط الإشعاعي الطبيعي لكل من تراوحت من 34.181 إلى 143.49 ، ومن 25.132 إلى 93.426 ، ومن 251.40 إلى 1283.74 على التوالي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تقييم المخاطر الإشعاعية الناتجة عن التعرض للإشعاع الطبيعي للعينات وذلك من خلال حساب مكافئ الراديوم، ومعدل الجرعة الممتصة في الهواء، ومعدل الجرعة الفعالة السنوية، وكذلك حساب مؤشر الخطر الخارجي والداخلي. تم حساب نشاط مكافئ الراديوم-226 وكانت القيم المحسوبة أقل من القيمة الموصي بها من قبل منظمة التعاون الاقتصادي والتنمية والبالغة 370.كما أظهرت النتائج أن قيم معدل الجرعة الممتصة لجميع العينات كانت أعلى من القيمة الموصي بها عالمياً والبالغة 55.قيم معدل الجرعة الفعالة السنوية لجميع العينات المدروسة كانت أقل من القيمة الموصي بها وهي 1. أوضحت النتائج أن قيم مؤشر الخطر الخارجي() تقع ضمن القيمة الموصي بها عالمياً أي أقل من الواحد، بينما قيم مؤشر الخطر الداخلي () لعينة بورسلين سعودي المنشأ، وكذلك بعض عينات السيراميك المستورد من الجزائر وتونس كانت أعلى من الواحد.

دراسة سلوك المنشآت الفولاذية والمركبة تحت تأثير الحرائق وطرق حمايتها

حنان نوري العكاري، سالمة علي ابوكيل — Fri, 02 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

تبرز هذه الدراسة سلوك الفولاذ الإنشائي تحت ظروف الحريق ، مع تحليل تأثير درجات الحرارة العالية على خصائصه الحرارية والميكانكية،حيث توصل البحث إلى أن ارتفاع درجات الحرارة يتسبب في انخفاض كبير في مقاومة الفولاذ ومعامل المرونة ، مما يؤدي إلى ضعف قدرته على التحمل وانهيار الهيكل في حالات الحريق الشديد.أظهرت النتائج أن الطرق التقليدية للحماية، مثل الطلاءات العاكسة والعوازل،فعالة في تقليل الضرر وتأخير فقدان الخصائص الهيكلية، فيما أن الحلول الحديثة تساهم في تعزيزمقاومته وتحسين أدائه أثناء الطوارئ. كما أكد البحث على أهمية إدارة المخاطر وتصميم هياكل مقاومة للحريق لضمان سلامة الأرواح والممتلكات . استناداً إلى النماذج التجريبية والنماذج الرقمية التي أوصت الدراسة بتطوير تقنيات وقائية متكاملة لزيادة مقاومة الفولاذ للتعرض الطويل للحرارة، مع التركيز على تحقيق استدامة ومرونة عالية في المنشآت الهيكلية.

A Comparative Analysis of CNN and CRNN Models for Home Emergency Sound Detection

AML F. ELLAFI، ZAHRA A. MATRAW، MINATH ALLAH E. ALSHEGWEE — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The rise in single-person households underscores the critical need for reliable, privacy-preserving home monitoring systems. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study between a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network (CRNN) for detecting domestic emergency sounds. A robust pipeline was implemented, involving the curation of a balanced dataset of normal and emergency sounds, extensive data augmentation, and feature extraction using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Counter to the theoretical expectation that CRNNs would excel at modeling temporal audio patterns, our experimental results demonstrate the clear superiority of the CNN model. The CNN achieved a remarkable accuracy of 98% and a weighted F1-score of 0.98, outperforming the CRNN (95% accuracy). Furthermore, the CNN exhibited faster convergence, greater training stability, and superior generalization. These findings indicate that for short-duration, spectrally distinct emergency sounds, the spatial feature extraction of CNNs is not only sufficient but more effective than explicit temporal modeling with CRNNs. The study concludes that the CNN architecture is the optimal choice for developing efficient and reliable audio-based emergency detection systems for resource-constrained smart home environments.

Application of Physics in Enhancing Sports Performance and Equipment Design

Zuhor Farag، Amal Boker — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the application of physics in enhancing sports performance and improving equipment design. It addresses the research gap in linking fundamental physical laws with measurable performance outcomes. A systematic literature review of studies from 2000–2024 was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore. The review focused on biomechanics, aerodynamics, torque, angular momentum, and material innovations. Findings reveal that physics-based interventions can increase performance efficiency by up to 15% in specific sports contexts while also reducing injury risk. The paper provides practical, data-driven recommendations for coaches, engineers, and sports scientists, reinforcing the requirement for interdisciplinary approaches to performance enhancement and safety optimization.

This research emphasizes the essential role of physics in sports, showing how principles like Newton’s laws of motion, friction, torque, and the Magnus effect influence athletic performance, equipment design, and injury prevention. Integrating physics into sports fosters improved results, greater safety, precision, and training efficiency, contributing to the growing body of interdisciplinary work connecting science and sports innovation.

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in Libya’s Oil and Gas Industry: Current Status, Future Prospects, and Challenges

Madi Abdullah Naser، Abdulhafiz Younis Mokhetar، Omar Ibrahim Azouza — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) represents a critical pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in resource-dependent economies such as Libya. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of CCUS development within Libya’s oil and gas sector by integrating global technological advancements with national geological, infrastructural, and policy realities. The study examines major CO₂ capture techniques, utilization routes, including Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), chemical conversion, and synthetic fuel production, and long-term storage options in depleted fields and saline aquifers. It also evaluates ongoing national initiatives, notably the Structures A & E offshore development and the Bouri Gas Utilization Project, which signal emerging interest in CCS/CCUS integration. Key barriers, including limited infrastructure, high capital costs, insufficient regulatory frameworks, and low public awareness, are critically analyzed. Drawing on successful international case studies from Norway, the United States, and the UAE, the paper proposes actionable strategies tailored to Libya’s context. The findings highlight that CCUS could significantly reduce emissions, enhance energy security, extend the life of mature oil fields, and support economic diversification. By combining global insights with local assessments, this review outlines a practical roadmap for advancing CCUS in Libya and contributing to a sustainable, low-carbon future for its oil and gas industry.

Controls on Hydrocarbon Generation from Eocene Source Rocks in the Ash Shulaydimah Trough, NE Libya

Hassan S. Hassan — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In north-eastern Libya, the Eocene succession within the Ash Shulaydimah Trough is not well understood with respect to its potential as a source rock for petroleum, despite the presence of organic-rich shale layers. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the source rocks of the Eocene period in the Ash Shulaydimah trough have been studied, with particular attention to the Lower shale and the Eocene Antelat formation. The assessment is conducted by re-evaluating existing pyrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC) Rock-Eval data from numerous exploration wells. The data is combined with information from burial history analysis, stable isotope data, observations of the rock's texture, information about the environment in which the rocks were formed and a stratigraphic analysis.

Bayesian Estimation for the Parameters of the Cosine Inverse Log Compound Rayleigh Distribution

Marwah Ahmed Aefa، Ali Khair S. Alshabani — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this paper, we consider the Bayesian estimation of the parameters and reliability function for a Cosine inverse log compound Rayleigh distribution under squared error and squared logarithmic loss functions. We use Lindley’s approximation to compute the Bayesian estimates. This method is evaluated using mean square error through simulation study with varying sample size.

تقييم كفاءة بعض المخلفات الزراعية في ادمصاص ايونات النترات من الماء

فاطمة محمود الكوجي، سالم علي ابوزريبة، محمد عمر سليمان، خالد يحي العزابي — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

تعد تقنية الادمصاص Adsorption technology)) واحدة من أفضل التقنيات الكيميائية تطبيقاً في عملية إزالة الملوثات الذائبة في الماء باستخدام المواد المازة المستمدة من المخلفات الزراعية. حيث تتميز هذه التقنية بالكفاءة العالية والتكلفة المنخفضة. بالإضافة إلى سعة الادمصاص العالية لتلك المواد المازة. في هذه الدراسة، تم استخدام بقايا مخلفات القهوة (Coffee beverage) ومخلفات عصر ثمار الزيتون (Olive waste cake) كمواد مازة منخفضة التكلفة وصديقة للبيئة لإزالة ايونات النترات من المحاليل المائية. تم إجراء دراسة توصيف المادة المازة باستخدام تقنيات التحليل الطيفي للأشعة تحت الحمراء Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) ، والتحليل الوزني الحراريThermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) . تم دراسة تأثير بعض العوامل الهامة على معدل الامتزاز، مثل زمن الرج (agitation time) ، التركيز الأولي للنترات، وكمية المادة المازة(amount of adsorbent) . تم تحليل تركيزات ايونات النترات المتبقية في المحلول بعد عملية الامتزاز بواسطة كاشف النترات. اشارت النتائج المتحصل عليها بان أفضل ظروف ادمصاص كانت 90 دقيقة كزمن ادمصاص، تركيز الأولي للصبغة 70ملجم/ لتر، كمية المادة المازة 0.3 جم والأس الهيدروجيني 3، وكانت سعة الادمصاص القصوى وفقا لنموذج لنقمر 12.7 و12.6 ملجم/جرام لكل من مخلفات البن والزيتون، على التوالي.